道路景觀設計的新形式
2018-07-18 25111 Views iarch002
景觀, 商業區景觀, 街道, 澳大利亞, 堪培拉, 2016, Jane Irwin Landscape Architecture, 植物
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| 景觀為憲法大道帶來了新生 Landscape Architecture Brings New Life to Constitution Avenue 由專筑網孫佳，楊帆編譯 文章描述了由Jane Irwin景觀設計公司， Hill Thalis建筑事務所以及堪培拉的MEC公司設計的 Maria Giovanna Drago 憲法大道。憲法大道是澳大利亞堪培拉的一條重要街道。事實上，它與英聯邦和國王大道一起構成了1900年代發展堪培拉的城市幾何基本設計準則。它位于一個熱鬧的街區，毗鄰住宅和商業建筑，還提供娛樂和文化活動。經過四年的建設，Jane Irwin景觀設計公司在2016年完成了項目的更新工作。這一革新為這條路的軸線帶來了現代感，重新創建了它在城市中的地位。我們可以說憲法大道受到巴黎香榭麗舍大街或巴塞羅那蘭布拉大道等西部大道的影響。Walter B. Griffin是一位美國的建筑師和景觀設計師，于1912年贏得了新首都城市設計的國際競賽。他和他的妻子Marion制定了一項計劃，并共同經營一家建筑公司?！拔矣幸粋€理想城市的設計方案，這并不是世界上任何一個政府都可以接受的理想城市，但卻是符合我對未來城市設想的理想城市”Griffin說。 Article by Maria Giovanna Drago Constitution Avenue by Jane Irwin Landscape Architecture along with Hill Thalis Architecture + Urban Projects, and MEC in Canberra, Australia. Constitution Avenue is a key street in Canberra, Australia. In fact, along with Commonwealth and Kings Avenues, it forms the city’s basic geometric design guidelines that developed Canberra in the 1900s. Situated in a lively area, it’s adjacent to residential and commercial buildings, but also recreational and cultural activities. In 2016, Jane Irwin Landscape Architecture completed the renewal project after four years of construction. The renovation brought modernity to this roadside axis, rewriting its role in the city. We can say that Constitution Avenue was influenced by great western avenues like the Champs-élysées in Paris or La Rambla in Barcelona. The City Design Walter B. Griffin was an American architect and landscape architect who won the international competition for the design of the new capital city in 1912. He and his wife, Marion, developed a plan and ran an architecture firm together. “I have planned it not in a way that I expected any government authorities in the world would accept. I have planned an ideal city – a city that meets my ideal of the city of the future,” said Griffin. 三條大道構成了這個國家的三角周邊，這是城市的中心，有公共和行政大樓以及旅游中心。它的邊緣分別連接著國會大廈，澳大利亞國防部和城市公園。這座城市整齊地創建在兩個正交的軸線上，這些軸線富有想象力地穿過由國家資本管理局管理的國家三角中心。 Griffin在度蜜月時第一次聽說澳大利亞的景觀競賽，他們一回到家就開始投入其中。Marion M. Griffin負責給陪審團留下深刻印象的漂亮效果圖，而Walter負責設計。他們的項目擊敗了137個參賽作品，這讓他們聲名大噪并獲得了公眾認可。 Three avenues form the perimeter of the National Triangle, which is the heart of the city with public and administrative buildings as well as a tourist center. It hosts the Parliament House, the Australian Department of Defense, and the City Hill Park respectively in each of its extremities. The city neatly established around two orthogonal axes that imaginatively cross the center of the National Triangle, which is managed by the National Capital Authority. The Australian Landscape The Griffin’s first heard about the competition while on their honeymoon and pursued it once they returned home. Marion M. Griffin was responsible for the beautiful renderings that impressed the jury, while Walter was responsible for the design. Their project beat out 137 entries and brought them instant notoriety and public recognition. 在Walter第一次到澳大利亞旅行期間，他對自然景觀非常著迷，他將植物融入了大道，公園和社區，如花萼圓，香水花和帝王花公園等。他的設計源于他的魅力，這個概念的特點是營造一種開放的氛圍。長長的大道兩側是大型的落葉喬木，建筑物坐落在郁郁蔥蔥的草地上，由連綿起伏的丘陵中的狹窄小路組成，代表著鄉村。大憲法大道從西北向東南延伸近3公里（1.9英里），與伯利格里芬湖海岸線幾乎平行。城市山脈和國防部位于其邊緣，與中心的澳新軍團大道相交。以前的大道是一條雙車道雙向道路，西側設有停車場，新設計側重于用戶的使用性，為行人提供空間，并改善公共和私人車輛的移動性。 During Walter’s first trip to Australia he was so fascinated by the natural landscape that he gave plant names to avenues, parks, and neighborhoods such as Clienthus Circle, Blandfordia, and Telopea Park. Ultimately, his design stemmed from his fascination and the concept was characterized by an open atmosphere. Long avenues were flanked with large deciduous trees and the buildings were set in lush, grassy meadows composed of narrow paths amidst rolling hills to represent the countryside. The Avenue Constitution Avenue extends almost 3 kilometers (1.9 miles) from the northwest to southeast and it’s nearly parallel to the Burley Griffin Lake coastline. The City Hill and The Department of Defense are located at its edges and intersect with the Anzac Parade artery in its center. Previously a two-lane, two-way road with parking on the west side, its new design focuses on users, devoting space to pedestrians, and improving the mobility of public and private vehicles. 憲法大道由Jane Irwin景觀公司設計／Constitution Avenue designed by Jane Irwin Landscape Architecture. Credit: John Gollings 西北向的憲法大道／Constitution Avenue facing northwest. Credit: John Gollings 憲法大道的重新設計贏得了堪培拉獎章以及ACT的城市設計最高獎項／The redesign of Constitution Avenue won the Canberra Medallion as well as the ACT’s top award for urban design. Credit: John Gollings 更新后的設計有一個多方向的雙車道公路，由一個1米寬的交通環島隔開，環島綠樹成蔭，并種植著小灌木。為了更好的組織和規劃，人行道較以前更寬，新的道路產生。原先的道路設計是糟糕的，行人被迫以“鋸齒”的形態走路或進入狹窄的走廊。現在有一條線性和連續的人行道，受到綠化帶的保護。西側的人行道由幾排樹木，人行道和配有座位的休息場所組成。此外，駕駛者可以在平行式停車位停車，這些停車位沿著道路間隔設置，還有專用的公共汽車站區域。 Today there are multi-direction, double-lane roadways separated by a one-meter wide traffic island, which is tree-lined and planted with small shrubs. Due to better organization and planning, the sidewalks are now wider and the previous paths have been eliminated. They were so badly designed that pedestrians were forced to walk in “zig-zags” or into narrow corridors. Now there’s a linear and continuous pedestrian pathway, which is protected by a greenbelt. The sidewalk on the west side is comprised of several rows of trees, a pedestrian walkway, and resting places equipped with seating. Additionally, motorists can park in parallel parking spaces, which are located at intervals along the road, that also feature dedicated areas for bus stops. 憲法大道／Constitution Avenue. Credit: John Gollings 街道設施來自于澳大利亞家具，由Hill Thalis建筑事務所設計。整個城市大道上都有各種木制家具，包括帶與不帶靠背的線性長椅，C形座椅和方桌。也許最令人印象深刻的細節是黃銅扶手。 The Furniture Street Furniture Australia manufactured the street furniture, while Hill Thalis Architecture + Urban Projects designed it. Throughout the urban boulevard, various wooden furniture styles dot the site including linear benches with and without backrests, C-shaped seats, and squared tables. Perhaps the most impressive detail are the brass armrests. 憲法大道上的家具／Furniture on Constitution Avenue. Credit: John Gollings 多年以來植物群現有的一半橡樹因狀況不佳而被移除，取而代之的是英國橡樹，意大利柏樹和紫薇。這些樹木按品種有序地排列。唯一的常青樹是意大利柏樹，而紫薇是七月到九月間帶有粉紅色花朵的唯一會開花的樹。 The Flora Over the years, half of the existing oak trees have been removed because of their poor condition and replaced with English and pin oaks, Italian cypresses, and crepe myrtles. Trees are arranged in ordered rows and organized by variety. The only evergreen is the Italian cypress, while the crepe myrtle is the lone blooming tree with pink flowers from July to September. 沿憲法大道盛開的紫薇／Crepe myrtles in bloom along Constitution Avenue. Credit: John Gollings Jane Irwin景觀設計公司是一家中型公司，擁有熟練的設計模式。他們的優勢在于保持一群才華橫溢的景觀設計師和園藝師，他們對深入分析其基本特征特別感興趣。他們專注于景觀構成，歷史文化影響和地理演變的元素。我們描述了兩種不同的道路設計方法，但我們并不是在這里確定哪一種更好。你能建議任何其他選擇嗎？ 憲法大道的完整項目信息： 景觀設計：Jane Irwin景觀設計公司 合作：Hill Thalis建筑事務所，MEC城市設計公司 設計：Hill Thalis建筑事務所 制造：澳大利亞街道家具 樹供應商：成立樹木移植和苗圃 地點：澳大利亞堪培拉 項目年份：2012-2016 成本：3300萬美元 客戶：ACT政府 特色圖片：憲法大道｜澳大利亞堪培拉｜John Gollings ｜2016 The Design Firm Jane Irwin Landscape Architecture is a midsize firm with an intimate approach to design. Their strength lies in maintaining a talented group of landscape architects and horticulturalists with a specific interest in deeply analyzing the fundamental characteristics. They focus on elements that make a landscape, cultural influences across history, and geographic evolution. We described two different approaches to a road design, but we’re not here to determine which one is better. Can you suggest any additional options? Full Project Credits Constitution Avenue: Landscape Architect: Jane Irwin Landscape Architecture Collaborators: Hill Thalis Architecture + Urban Projects, MEC Urban Equipment: Design: Hill Thalis Architecture + Urban Projects, Manufacturing: Street Furniture Australia Tree Supplier: Established Tree Transplanters & Nurseries Location: Canberra, Australia Project Years: 2012-2016 Cost: $33 million USD Client: Roads ACT for ACT Featured image: Constitution Avenue｜Canberra, Australia｜John Gollings｜2016 |
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景觀, 商業區景觀, 街道, 澳大利亞, 堪培拉, 2016, Jane Irwin Landscape Architecture, 植物
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